Author: Hossam Elgnainy

Since no effective antiviral therapy is available to you: Aggressive supportive care becomes the main way of treatment. Control fever Manage seizures Ensure proper hydration and electrolytes Respiratory...

Unfortunately, acyclovir is not effective against adenovirus

in the pediatric setting, dexamethasone does not play a significant routine role in the acute management of children involved in road traffic accidents (RTAs): ... 1. Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):...

Yes, NSAIDs can be used as an alternative to paracetamol for fever control in the PICU if benefits outweigh the risks. However, a case-by-case assessment is crucial, and treating the underlying cause of...

Typical dos of l- carnitine 50 mg/kg/day in divided doses; may titrate slowly as needed to 100 mg/kg/day in divided doses Max dose 3000mg/day

Did you investigate the patient's current medications? As some medications can cause fever as a side effect

Analgesics: 1. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): Paracetamol is generally considered one of the safest analgesics in pediatric patients with hepatic or renal impairment. - While it is safer than many other...

The initial fluid replacement should start immediately with isotonic solution (0.9% sodium chloride or Ringer lactate). The typical volume is 10-20 mL/kg over 20-30 minutes, repeated as needed. Estimate...

1. Reconstitution of the Vial Each vial contains 1.5 million units of streptokinase. It's reconstituted in 10 ml of normal saline → each 1 ml contains 150,000 units. 2. Dose for a 10 kg Child Dose...

7. If there is cerebral edema and RBSL falls <70, what about rate and type of fluid in these cases and in general? Emergency management: Reduce fluid rate by 1/3 to 1/2 Give 3% hypertonic saline...

6. What about monitoring osmolality? If it is still high and there is positive Na trend, can I shift to hypotonic saline or not? No, not immediately. Even with a positive Na trend, if osmolality is still...

5. When do we shift to half-normal saline? Only if there is a positive Na trend? Yes. You only shift to 0.45% NaCl if: Sodium is rising or stable, No ongoing hypovolemia, Osmolality is not falling...

4. After the 4 to 6 hr in management: The final concentration of saline in IV fluid must be between 0.45 to 0.9 (True or False)? True. After the first few hours, fluid tonicity may be reduced (e.g., to...

3. How many mEq/L in isotonic saline? 154 mEq/L.

2. During the first 6 hours, if the RBSL falls <300 mg/dL, can we add glucose to normal saline? Yes. Once glucose falls to ~250–300 mg/dL, add 5–10% dextrose to prevent hypoglycemia and support...

1. In the first 6 hours, the patient must take isotonic normal saline even if corrected Na is high (True or False)? True. During the initial phase (first 4–6 hours), 0.9% NaCl (normal saline) is recommended...

It looks like you typed the same word twice: osmolarity and osmolarity. Maybe you meant to ask about the difference between: Osmolarity and osmolality? If so, here's the difference: Osmolarity is...

Oral: Immediate release: Initial: 0.15 to 0.2 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hours IV: 0.03 to 0.05 mg/kg/day as a continuous IV infusion. ... Note: Limit parenteral use to patients unable to take enteral...