The short answer is no. Don’t give iron supplements during active infection.

Iron is crucial for metabolic pathways in humans and microorganisms, with pathogens relying on it for growth. Hosts employ strategies to limit iron availability to invaders, necessitating careful consideration when supplementing iron during infections.

Iron deficiency anemia has negative implications for conditions like chronic kidney disease and cancer, often requiring replacement therapy. Besides oxygen transport, iron aids immune function by stimulating lymphocyte activity. Conversely, iron overload can hinder immune response by impairing neutrophil function.

Iron levels are regulated through duodenal absorption and recycling. Infections and inflammation alter iron homeostasis, activating hepcidin to suppress iron absorption and increase storage. Such strategies impede pathogen access to iron, though iron supplementation may counteract these defenses.

Pathogens like Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus employ mechanisms like siderophores or hemolysis to acquire iron. In vitro and animal studies suggest increased iron availability promotes bacterial virulence and mortality.

Clinical data in high-risk populations, such as chronic kidney disease and organ transplantation, suggest iron supplementation may elevate infection risk. Avoiding iron supplementation during active infections or in vulnerable populations, like neutropenic or posttransplant patients, seems prudent given its potential to foster microbial growth and impede immune response. However, more research is needed to fully grasp the intricate relationship between iron, immunity, and infection.